CVE-2026-25049 is a critical vulnerability in n8n, an open source workflow automation platform. This vulnerability allows an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows to abuse crafted expressions in workflow parameters. Specifically, this exploitation can lead to unintended system command execution on the host running n8n. The severity is underscored by a CVSS score of 9.4, indicating a critical level risk due to its potential for severe impact.
The vulnerability affects all versions of n8n prior to versions 1.123.17 and 2.5.2. The risk to organizations includes unauthorized command execution, which could lead to further system compromises or data breaches. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability and the ease with which it can be exploited, organizations using n8n should prioritize patching immediately.
The vulnerability was disclosed on February 4, 2026, and patches have been released in the aforementioned versions. Security teams should be aware of this vulnerability and ensure that their systems are updated to mitigate risks. The urgency for defenders is high, as failure to address this issue could expose systems to exploitation.
With the threat landscape continually evolving, organizations must remain vigilant in their security practices. Regular updates and patches are essential in safeguarding systems against known vulnerabilities like CVE-2026-25049.
Vulnerability Details
The official CVE description states that n8n, prior to versions 1.123.17 and 2.5.2, allows an authenticated user to trigger unintended system command execution through crafted expressions in workflow parameters. This vulnerability has been classified under CWE-913, which relates to improper control of a resource through its lifetime.
The CVSS score of 9.4 indicates a critical severity, with a low attack complexity and the requirement for low privileges. The attack vector is categorized as network-based, meaning exploitation can occur remotely. The impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability are all high, highlighting the severe risk posed by this vulnerability.
Technical Analysis
The root cause of CVE-2026-25049 stems from the way n8n handles expressions within workflow parameters. Attackers may leverage this flaw to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system, compromising its integrity and availability. The required privileges for this attack are low, and no user interaction is necessary for exploitation.
The attack complexity is low, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations. An attacker can execute commands remotely without the need for elevated permissions or additional user actions. The impacts can be catastrophic, affecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.
Risk & Impact Analysis
Real-world deployment of n8n presents a significant risk due to this vulnerability. Organizations utilizing n8n for workflow automation must consider the potential for unauthorized command execution, which can lead to full system compromise. The blast radius for this vulnerability can be extensive, affecting not only the immediate system but also interconnected services.
Given the critical CVSS score of 9.4, organizations should address this vulnerability with urgency. Failure to patch can lead to exploitation, resulting in significant operational and reputational damage.
Exploitation Status
Signal | Status |
|---|---|
Known Exploit | Yes |
Public PoC | Yes |
Actively Exploited | No |
Ransomware Use | No |
Affected Versions
The affected versions of n8n are all prior to 1.123.17 and 2.5.2. Organizations should ensure that they upgrade to these versions or later to mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2026-25049.
Mitigation & Remediation
Patching to versions 1.123.17 or 2.5.2 is crucial for mitigating this vulnerability. Organizations should also consider implementing additional security measures, such as restricting access to n8n instances and monitoring for unusual activity. For ongoing protection, organizations may benefit from engaging in penetration testing to identify potential weaknesses.
Detection Guidance
Organizations should monitor logs for any indicators of exploitation attempts. Behavioral anomalies, such as unexpected command executions or modifications to workflows, should be investigated. Network signatures corresponding to the exploitation patterns may also provide insights into potential attacks.
AppSecure Threat Intelligence Insight
The long-term significance of CVE-2026-25049 highlights the need for continuous security assessments within organizations. It represents a trend of vulnerabilities that can lead to severe operational disruptions if not addressed promptly. Security teams should learn from this incident to enhance their defensive strategies. For further insights on improving security measures, consider reviewing our penetration testing methodology and implementing a robust vulnerability management program to proactively address potential security threats.
In conclusion, CVE-2026-25049 presents a critical risk that requires immediate attention from organizations utilizing n8n. By prioritizing patching and enhancing security practices, organizations can significantly reduce their exposure to similar vulnerabilities in the future.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
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