A flaw in Node.js’s Permissions model allows attackers to bypass `--allow-fs-read` and `--allow-fs-write` restrictions using crafted relative symlink paths. By chaining directories and symlinks, a script granted access only to the current directory can escape the allowed path and read sensitive files. This breaks the expected isolation guarantees and enables arbitrary file read/write, leading to potential system compromise. This vulnerability affects users of the permission model on Node.js v20, v22, v24, and v25.
The severity of this vulnerability is classified as critical with a CVSS score of 9.1. The high score indicates a significant risk for organizations utilizing Node.js, as the vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information.
Given that this vulnerability has been confirmed to have exploitability, organizations should prioritize patching immediately. The potential for attackers to leverage this flaw to compromise systems underscores the urgency of addressing this issue.
To mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, it is essential for organizations to stay informed about the latest updates and security releases from Node.js.
Vulnerability Details
The vulnerability described in CVE-2025-55130 allows attackers to bypass permission restrictions, making it a significant threat to systems using affected versions of Node.js. The flaw impacts Node.js versions 20, 22, 24, and 25, and its critical nature necessitates immediate attention.
Technical Analysis
The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the Permissions model of Node.js, which fails to correctly enforce file access restrictions when crafted symlink paths are used. The attack vector is network-based, with low complexity and no privileges required. Additionally, no user interaction is necessary for exploitation, allowing attackers to leverage this flaw without detection.
Risk & Impact Analysis
Risk to organizations includes unauthorized access to sensitive files, which could lead to data breaches and further system compromise. The potential blast radius is considerable, as multiple Node.js applications may be vulnerable across various environments. Organizations should assess their deployment of affected Node.js versions to understand the impact on their systems.
Exploitation Status
Signal | Status |
|---|---|
Known Exploit | Yes |
Public PoC | Yes |
Actively Exploited | No |
Ransomware Use | No |
Affected Versions
The vulnerability affects Node.js versions 20.0.0 to 20.20.0, 22.0.0 to 22.22.0, 24.0.0 to 24.13.0, and 25.0.0 to 25.3.0. Organizations should ensure that they are running patched versions to mitigate this risk.
Mitigation & Remediation
To remediate this vulnerability, organizations should upgrade to the latest patched version of Node.js. It is crucial to monitor for any anomalies in file access patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Implementing additional network controls can help mitigate this risk.
Detection Guidance
Organizations should monitor logs for indicators of unauthorized file access, including unusual read/write operations. Behavioral anomalies in applications running on affected Node.js versions should also be investigated to detect potential exploitation.
AppSecure Threat Intelligence Insight
This vulnerability serves as a reminder of the importance of robust permission models in application security. As threats evolve, organizations must continuously assess their security posture and implement best practices for application security, including regular updates and penetration testing.
For more insights on security practices, organizations can explore our services like penetration testing and application security assessments to identify and address vulnerabilities.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
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