The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-41118 impacts Grafana's open-source continuous profiling database, Pyroscope. This vulnerability allows an attacker to extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API if the database is configured to use Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS) as the storage backend. As a result, this poses a severe risk to organizations that rely on this configuration.
With a CVSS score of 9.1, this vulnerability is classified as critical, highlighting its potential impact. It allows for high confidentiality and integrity impacts, making it crucial for organizations to address this issue promptly. The exploitation of this vulnerability requires direct access to the Pyroscope API, thus limiting public internet exposure to trusted users or internal systems is highly recommended.
This vulnerability was reported by Théo Cusnir through Grafana's bug bounty program, emphasizing the importance of proactive security measures. Organizations using affected versions should prioritize remediation to mitigate risks associated with this vulnerability.
Organizations should prioritize patching immediately. The vulnerability is fixed in the following versions: 1.15.x (1.15.2 and above), 1.16.x (1.16.1 and above), and 1.17.x (1.17.0 and above).
Vulnerability Details
The official description of CVE-2025-41118 states that if the database is configured to use Tencent COS as the storage backend, an attacker could extract the secret_key configuration value from the Pyroscope API. This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-732, indicating improper access control. The criticality of this vulnerability necessitates immediate attention from security teams.
The CVSS score of 9.1 reflects a high severity level, with the potential for significant impacts on confidentiality and integrity. The vulnerability affects all versions of Grafana Pyroscope prior to the mentioned fixed versions, which must be prioritized for update.
Technical Analysis
The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the improper management of API access, allowing sensitive configuration values to be exposed. The attack vector is network-based, and the attack complexity is low, meaning that an attacker does not require special conditions or extensive knowledge to exploit it. Moreover, no privileges are required to exploit this vulnerability, and user interaction is not necessary.
In terms of impact, the confidentiality and integrity impact scores are both high, indicating that sensitive data could be accessed and modified. However, there is no impact on availability, which means that the service remains operational even while the vulnerability is present.
Risk & Impact Analysis
The real-world deployment risk associated with this vulnerability is significant, particularly for organizations utilizing Grafana Pyroscope with Tencent COS as their storage backend. If exploited, attackers may leverage the sensitive configuration value to gain unauthorized access to critical systems, leading to data breaches or service disruptions.
For organizations, this risk translates into potential financial, reputational, and regulatory repercussions. The urgency for remediation is underscored by the critical CVSS score, as organizations are advised to address this vulnerability in their priority patch cycle.
Signal | Status |
|---|---|
Known Exploit | No |
Public PoC | No |
Actively Exploited | No |
Ransomware Use | No |
Affected Versions
This vulnerability affects all versions of Grafana's Pyroscope prior to the following patched versions: 1.15.x (1.15.2 and above), 1.16.x (1.16.1 and above), and 1.17.x (1.17.0 and above). Organizations should ensure they are running the latest versions to mitigate the risk.
Mitigation & Remediation
To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately update to the latest patched versions of Pyroscope. Specifically, they should upgrade to version 1.15.2 or higher, 1.16.1 or higher, or 1.17.0 or higher. Additionally, limiting the public internet exposure of the database is crucial, ensuring it is only accessible by trusted users or internal systems.
Organizations may also consider implementing configuration hardening measures, such as restricting API access, deploying network controls, and continuously monitoring for unauthorized access attempts. For further guidance on effective security practices, organizations can consult our penetration testing services.
Detection Guidance
To detect potential exploitation of this vulnerability, organizations should monitor API access logs for unauthorized attempts to access sensitive configurations. Additionally, look for behavioral anomalies in user activity that may indicate an attack. Network signatures that flag abnormal access patterns can also be instrumental in identifying exploitation attempts.
AppSecure Threat Intelligence Insight
The long-term significance of CVE-2025-41118 lies in its reflection of inadequate access controls within cloud storage configurations. It underscores the need for organizations to adopt stringent security measures, particularly when using third-party storage solutions. Security teams should learn from this and implement best practices for API security, ensuring that sensitive configurations are adequately protected.
For organizations looking to enhance their security posture, adopting a comprehensive vulnerability management program can be beneficial. Regular security assessments, such as penetration testing methodology, should be integrated into the security lifecycle to proactively mitigate future vulnerabilities.
In summary, organizations using Grafana Pyroscope must act swiftly to patch this critical vulnerability and strengthen their security measures to defend against potential threats.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
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